Oculomotor nerve axons synapse on ciliary ganglion neurons. The optic nerve connects to the pretectal nucleus of the upper midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex.įrom the pretectal nucleus, axons connect to neurons in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, whose axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves. The pupillary reflex pathway begins with retinal ganglion cells, which convey information from photoreceptors to the optic nerve (via the optic disc). The oculomotor nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the pupillary reflex - it drives the muscles that constrict the pupil. The optic nerve is responsible for the afferent limb of the pupillary reflex - it senses the incoming light. Green = parasympathetic Red = sympathetic Blue = sensory Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch. Please mail us to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. List of terms related to Pupillary light reflexĮditor-In-Chief: C. Pupillary light reflex in the Marketplace Risk calculators and risk factors for Pupillary light reflexĬauses & Risk Factors for Pupillary light reflexĭiagnostic studies for Pupillary light reflex Patient Handouts on Pupillary light reflexĭirections to Hospitals Treating Pupillary light reflex Patient resources on Pupillary light reflexĭiscussion groups on Pupillary light reflex US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Pupillary light reflexīe alerted to news on Pupillary light reflex Ongoing Trials on Pupillary light reflex at Clinical Ĭlinical Trials on Pupillary light reflex at Google Podcasts & MP3s on Pupillary light reflexĬochrane Collaboration on Pupillary light reflex Powerpoint slides on Pupillary light reflex Review articles on Pupillary light reflexĪrticles on Pupillary light reflex in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ Most cited articles on Pupillary light reflex Most recent articles on Pupillary light reflex Researchers have associated hippus with various diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neurosyphilis, myasthenia gravis, and cerebral tumors.WikiDoc Resources for Pupillary light reflex What kind of diseases are associated with hippus?įor this reason, pupillary athetosis in hospital patients may put them at a higher risk of premature death. Hippus, also known as pupillary athetosis, is spasmodic, rhythmic, but regular dilating and contracting pupillary movements between the sphincter and dilator muscles. What does hippus stand for in medical terms?
Hippus, also known as pupillary athetosis, is a spasmodic, repetitive oscillation in the pupil size, with alternating constriction and dilation of the pupil diameter about 1 to 2 millimeters (0.03 to 0.07 inches) every five seconds, without relation to the intensity of ambient lighting, emotions of the patient, or focal length of the patient. How big are the pupils of Hippus patients? Pupillary hippus comes from the Greek hippos meaning horse, perhaps due to the rhythm of the contractions representing a galloping horse. Pupillary hippus, also known as pupillary athetosis, is spasmodic, rhythmic, but regular dilating and contracting pupillary movements between the sphincter and dilator muscles. Where does the name Pupillary hippus come from? Pathologic hippus is marked by drastic variation of oscillation or amplitude and is a predictor of early mortality in critically ill patients. Pupillary athetosis-or hippus-is bilateral, rhythmic oscillations of the pupil regardless of light intensity.
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